大学之道

TheWayofGreatLearning

这学说，是最基本之理想，也是儒教所依据之道理。

ThesearethefundamentalideasofConfucius teaching,

andalsotheprinciplesuponwhichConfucianismisbased.

大学之道以“三纲领”和“八条目”为宗旨。何谓三纲领?就是“明德，亲民，止于至善。”

TheWayoftheGreatLearningconsistsofthreeguidelinesandeightarticles.Thethreeguidelinesare:illustratingvirtue,renewingthepeople,andrestinginthehighestexcellence.

(一)明德：自己的德性清净光明之后，也教他人的德性清净光明

1.Illustratingvirtuemeansthatafterone sownvirtuebecomepureandbright,oneteachesotherstomaketheirvirtuepureandbrightaswell.

(二)亲民：令所有老百姓知道正当的道路，做个明理的人。

2.Renewingthepeoplemeanscausingallthepeopletoknowtheproperpathandtounderstandprinciple.

(三)止于至善：大家居处于最完善的地方。

3.Restinginthehighestexcellencemeansthatallpeopleabideinthemostexcellentplace.

何谓八条目?就是“格物，致知，正心，诚意，修身，齐家，治国，平天下。”

Whataretheeightarticles?Theyareinvestigatingthings,extendingknowledge,rectifyingthemind,makingtheintentsincere,cultivatingoneself,regulatingthefamily,managingthestate,andbringingpeacetotheworld.

(一)格物：研究天地间万事万物之性理。

1.Investigatingthingsmeansinvestigatingthenaturesandprinciplesofthemyriadthingsoftheuniverse.

(二)致知：运用智慧，仔细分析物理，知道究竟2.Extendingknowledgemeansusingone swisdomtoanalyzeindetailtheprinciplesofallphenomena,sothatultimateknowledgecanbeattained.

(三)正心：端正一身所主宰的心。3.Rectifyingthemindmeansmakingone smind,whichisthemasterofthebody,properandupright.

(四)诚意：诚实所发之意。4.Makingtheintentsinceremeansbeingsincereinone sthinking.

(五)修身：修好自己的身(德行)。5.Cultivatingoneselfmeanscultivatingone sownvirtuousconduct.

这五种是属于身心之学。

Thesefivearticlespertaintothestudyofbodyandmind.

(六)齐家：整齐自己的家。

6.Regulatingthefamilymeansmanagingone sownfamily.

(七)治国：治理自己的国家。

7.Managingthestatemeansgoverningone scountrywell.

(八)平天下：令天下太平。8.Bringingpeacetotheworldmeanscausingtranquilitytoprevailthroughouttheentireworld.

这三种是属于政治之学。

Theselastthreearticlespertaintothestudyofpolitics.

这是孔子之学说，是最基本之理想，也是儒教所依据之道理。今将《大学》中的三纲领和八条目略释，将来再评细的解释。

ThesearethefundamentalideasofConfucius teaching,andalsotheprinciplesuponwhichConfucianismisbased.TodayIhavebrieflyexplainedthethreeguidelinesandtheeightarticles.Amoredetailedexplanationmaybegiveninthefuture.